1. ѹ м(by Ϻ) ; Ȯϰ Ŵ ȺԴϴ.
2. New York Times м ; õ å ؼ( ƴϸ ) ʰ ָŸȣ Ѿ. => ʿ κп ؼ 츮 ߽ϴ.
3. .
1. â Ϻ м ȸ ǥ
http://www.chosun.co.kr/w21data/html/news/200305/200305150219.html
ܱ ǥ ܱ ǥ ö ֱ , Ȯ ǹ ľ ؼ ټ ʿ䰡 ִ. 15 (̱ð 14 ) ǰ ѡ ȸ ǥ 籹 ü з 1200 ܾ Ѵ´(ѱ۷δ 800ܾ з). , ѡ Ϳ κа ѿ κ 徿 鼭 ܺҴ. ܱ ġ â Ϻ мߴ.
ѡ
<ν ѹݵ ̱ ֵп ȮϿ.>
=ν ̱ ѹݵ ƽþ ̱ ֵѴٴ Ģ Ȯߴ. ( ̸ ġforward-deployment, ̱ ̱ 信 ʰ ̱ Ⱥ ʿϴٰ Ǵ İ ֵнŰ ִ ü Ѵ. ϱ ѹݵ ̱ ֵϴ ü ̱ ġ̸, ݵ ¦ ٿ ġѴٴ ƴϴ. ̹ forward deployment forward presence .)
< ȰϿ 籹 Ű ϰ ִ ó ɷ ν ѡ ȭϱ Ͽ.>
=ѡ Ͱ ȭ ȺȲ ȭ ° Ͱ赵 ȭŲٴ ε, Ư () ȰϿ 븦 ȭŰ ϴ ó ɷ δٴ 21 ̱ ο ݵ ϴ ǥμ, ѹ̱ װ ̱ ȭ Բ ϰ ̴. ü ڸ ̰ żϰ ⵿ ִ ¼ ߸, ° ر ϰ, ÷ б ִ Ȱϴ ⸦ ȭѴٴ ̴. (̿ ѹ̱ ð , ڴ پ ְ, Ư ̴. ° ѹݵ ֺ ر ִ)
< ȭ ƶ ̱ ֿ ߽ ϴ ȹ ϰ ġϱ Ͽ.>
=(ѹ̱ ѱε鿡 Ǵ ԵǴ ѱε ݰ ȭϱ ,) ̱ δ Ͽ ֿ ߽ ϰ, Ư ̱ ٸ Ű ߴ. ( ð ѱ δ ̹Ƿ, ѱ ΰ ̸ .)
<ν ѹݵ ̱ ֵ ū ɷ ߰ ֵ ȯǴ ѹ̱ ¼ Ͽ ɰ Ͽ.>
=̱ ѹݵ ֵ ְ ϸ鼭 ӹ ɷ ֵ (ġ , ) ٲ㳪 ̱ װ ȭ Ϲ ʰ ѱ ϱ ߴ. ( ̱ ѱ ΰ Ѵ. ̱ ߿ Ϲ , ܰ迡 ѱ 뺸ϴ 찡 ִ.)
< Ѱ ̺ ̱ ġ ѹݵ Ͼƽþ ġȺ Ȳ Ͽ ؾ Ѵٴ ν Ͽ.>
= ʿ ִ ̱ 2 Ѱ ̳ ġϴ ٸ Ȳ Ͽ ϱ ߴ. ٹ Ǯ ʰ ̱ ɼ ŷеǴ Ȳ, 2 ű ߸ ȣ(̱ ȭȴٰų, Ǵ ̱ ٴ ) Ƿ, Ѵٴ ̴. 2 ؼ . ̱ ħ ִ 2 ￡ ָ ǹǷ ̱ Ⱦ ڵ Ѱ ￡ ѱ ϰ ̶͡ ̸ ΰö ̶ ϰ , ʾ 뿡 2 е ũ.
< ѹα 忡 ѹݵ ־ ѱ ϴ ȸ ־ ִµ ؼ Ͽ.>
= ֿ 桯 ȣ ̱ Ƶ ̴. ڸ , ѱ 鵵 ־. ž. غ 浵 ִ ̴. ϱ ѹ̱ ѹݵ ־ ڽŵ þ Դ κ ѱ ѱ ̸, װ ѱ åӿ δ ȴٴ ȴ. ϱ ѱ δ þ ̰, ħ ϱ ѱ åӵ Ŀ ̴.
< ɰ ν ѹݵ Ѿ Ⱥ ¼ ѡ 籹 ϰ ȯϿ. ν ̶ũ Ǹ ǥϿ, ѱ Ƿ δ븦 İϰ ̶ũ ε Ÿ Ű ȯ ǥϿ. ߵ ױ ȭ Ⱥ ϱ ̱ ȸ ¿ ǥϿ. 'ױ ' Ͻź ǿ ѱ ָϸ鼭 Ȳ Ͽ.>
=ѹݵ Ѿ Ⱥ ̶, ٸ ̳ Ѵ. ̱ , Ͻź , ̶ũ ѱ ̱ ̱ ϸ, ε ǥ ̶ ִ. Ư ε ̱ ߵ å ϰڴٴ Ģ ߴ.
< ɰ ν ٹ ȮϿ. 籹 ó ٹ ް ̷ ɰ ָϿ. ȭ ġ ǰ Ȳ ̲ ̶ Ͽ.>
=ݱ õ 籹 Ȯ ̴. , 4 ϼ ¡ ̡ߡ 3ȸ㿡 ٹ ΰ (demonstrate ٽ Ե ִ) (trasferٹ ܱ Ե ִ) ɰ ó ǥ ϴ. ¸ ȭŰ ǰ Ȳ ̸ ̶ , ɼ ߴ. ̳ ڡ̶, ûϴ ؼ ִ.
< ¿ Ͽ ȭ ٹ α ϰ ϸ Ұ Ÿ ٴ õϿ.>
=̱ ϰǰ 䱸 ذ Ģ, ϰ(complete) ϸ(veryfiabl) ǵ (irreversible) α ϶ ѱ ε ״ ̴.
< 4.23-25 ϰ 3ȸ㿡 ߱ ȯϿ.>
= ذ ߱ ѿ 븦 ִ.
< ڿܱ ̰ ذῡ ־ ѹα Ϻ ʼ̸, þƿ Ÿ 鵵 Ǽ ִٴ Ͽ.>
= ذ 3ȸ㺸 Ʋ ٶϴٴ ν Ʒ, Ư ѱ Ϻ ʿϴٴ ϰ, þ ɼ ξ. 3ȸ ȵǰ ݵ ѡ ϴ ȸ Ǿ Ѵٰ 䱸 ѱ ݿ δ.
< ѹݵ ȭ 쿡 ߰ ġ 䰡 ̷ ̶ ϸ鼭, ȭ ذ ̷ ִٴ Ȯ ǥϿ.>
= ٹ ̳ ̻ , ߰ ġ Ư ̱ ݿ ̴. ߰ ġ 縦 ȭ ر ϴ ְ, شδ ɼ . ̰ ǿ , 籹 ǹ ʿ װ ġ ü δ.
< ѱ ̱ ѿ ε ķ ִ ӿ ָϸ鼭, ε ġ Ȳ ʰ ̷ ̶ Ȯϰ, ̸ ʿ ϴ ֹε鿡 Ȯ ǵ ʿ信 Ͽ.>
=ѿ ѱ ̱ ε Ѵٴ Ģ Ȯϵ, ķ й Ѵٴ ߴ. ̰ й ü · ѿ 䱸 õ ִ.
<ν α ٹ ȸ ֹ پ ʿ並 ϱ ġ ϴ ְ ǰ ִٴ Ͽ.>
=̱ ѿ (bold approach) ϴ α ΰ 鵵 , ذ ̱ ϰڴٴ ١ ̱ ϴٴ ָȴ. ١̶, 䱸ϴ ü Ͽ, Ը , ܱ ȵ ִ ǥ, ü õ .
< ȭå 並 Ͽ, ν ȭذ õϿ. ν ̷ ȭ ä ѿ ٹ ذ ˱ϴ Ȱǰ ָϿ. ϱ ٹ Ȳ ư ̶ ǥϿ. . ΰ .. 3 ȮϿ.>
=ָǴ ϱ ٹ ǻ Űڴٰ ̴. ʹ ٸ ɼ , ̱ ȣǡ, ־ ͵ ִ١ ټ ݿ ̶ ִ.
(â Ϻ changkim@chosun.com )
2. New York Times
Bush and South Korean President Are Vague on North Korea Strategy
By DAVID E. SANGER
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/15/international/asia/15PREX.html?
President Bush and South Korea's new president, Roh Moo Hyun, emerged tonight from their first meeting declaring that the two countries "will not tolerate nuclear weapons in North Korea." But in a series of vague diplomatic statements they stepped around serious differences about whether to isolate the country with an economic embargo or threaten it with a military strike.
(ι° ; ָŸȣ ܱ ǥϸ鼭 νÿ , ɰ ʰ ȸߴ.)
Appearing in the Rose Garden this evening, the two men said they had developed a quick friendship that would aid them in one of the tensest standoffs in the region in decades. In sharp contrast to the kind of language he used about Iraq and Saddam Hussein when foreign leaders visited him earlier this year, Mr. Bush did not publicly demand today that North Korea open itself up to inspections or stop producing bomb-grade material, and he never uttered the name of the North Korean leader, Kim Jong Il.
(ι° ; ܱ ڵ 湮 νð ̶ũ ļο ߴ , νð ڸ ϶ Ǵ ٹ ߴ϶ 䱸 ʾ, ̸ ʾҴ.)
"We're making good progress toward achieving that peaceful resolution of the issue of the Korean Peninsula in regards to North Korea," Mr. Bush said as he and Mr. Roh, a former human rights lawyer and legislator, talked briefly to reporters.
They did not take questions and did not specify what kind of progress Mr. Bush was referring to.
( ߿ ; νÿ ʾҰ, νð õǾ ȭ ذ ϰ ִ ü ʾҴ.)
=> ˱ε ̷ ǥ Ŀ ڵ鿡 ð ȸ ִ° 翬ѵ, ׳ Ѿٴ ̻ϳ.
On Monday, North Korea said it had "nullified" an agreement with South Korea committing to keep the Korean Peninsula nuclear-free. But the statements fit a White House strategy, aides said, of playing down the North Korean threat, and demonstrating to Mr. Kim that the United States would not give in to what Mr. Bush recently called blackmail.
Nonetheless, the differences in strategy were clearly evident today.
( ȭ ȿȭ ̱ å յȴٴ ̷ ڿ ̱ ̶ , ̴ Ȯߴ.)
This morning, in an advertisement paid for by the South Korean government, Mr. Roh was described as seeking American agreement to "rule out a military option" in confronting the North, a reference to the Pentagon's longtime contingency plan to knock out the North Korean nuclear complex at Yongbyon.
But today both the national security adviser, Condoleezza Rice, and the White House spokesman, Ari Fleischer, said it would be unwise to rule out the use of military force, even while pursuing a peaceful resolution of the problem.
(߿: ͼ Ϲ û, Ⱥ° ̽ ǰ 뺯 ö̼Ŵ ȭ ذå ߱ϴ ̶ » ϴ ϴٰ ߴ.)
"No one should be willing to give in to the kind of blackmail that the North Koreans have been practicing on the world for a number of years now, especially not the United States," Ms. Rice told reporters today.
She said the president reserved all his military options, though she added that Mr. Bush might be willing to engage in another round of negotiations with the North Koreans, after a meeting in Beijing last month in which the North declared that it already possessed weapons, and had turned 8,000 spent nuclear fuel rods into bomb-grade plutonium.
"We are not fearful of talks, and if we believe that they are useful at some point in time we would be more than willing to re-enter them," Ms. Rice said.
Mr. Roh said on Monday that he would seek to have the United States delay any redeployment of American troops from the border with North Korea until the nuclear issue was resolved. He also said it was far too early to discuss economic quarantine measures that would cut off the North's exports of missiles, drugs and counterfeit currency, all of which are widely believed to give the nation a steady supply of hard currency.
( Ͽ Ÿ ñ ѹ̱ ġ 䱸 ̰ ġ ϱ ̸ٰ ߴ.)
But a senior American official, speaking tonight after the 40-minute conversation between the leaders had ended in the Oval Office, said that the issues had not come up directly. Asked if Mr. Roh had sought Mr. Bush's assurance that American force would not be used, the official said, "He didn't ask for it."
(ȸ , ̱ δ ΰ ʾ, » û ʾҴٰ ߴ.)
He said they did not discuss an embargo, either, though other American officials say the planning for intercepting North Korean ships at sea is now quite advanced.
But before that effort could become effective it would require the participation of Japan, South Korea and, most important, China. Mr. Roh has made it clear that he believes it is too early to consider such a provocative step, which North Korea has called tantamount to war.
"There isn't an on-off switch here," one senior official said tonight, suggesting that the United States and other countries might gradually increase the pressure on North Korea.
This was Mr. Roh's first visit to the United States and an important one to him: he wrote a book about Abraham Lincoln, and Mr. Bush took him on a tour this evening of the Lincoln Bedroom, showing him the White House copy of the Emancipation Proclamation and other Lincoln artifacts. The men then had dinner with members of their cabinets.
The joint statement that the men issued tonight was deliberately vague on the question of when and how pressure could be increased on North Korea.
(߿; ǥ ѿ ǵ ȣ,Ȯ ̾)
"While noting that increased threats to peace and stability on the peninsula would require consideration of further steps," the statement said, Mr. Bush and Mr. Roh "expressed confidence that a peaceful resolution can be achieved."
The vague wording reflects the differing approaches to the problem within the two countries. Mr. Roh said in an interview on Monday that any threats to North Korea could scare away investors and undercut the fragile South Korean economy. At a moment when many of the countries' largest conglomerates, known in Korea as chaebol, are in crisis, that is a problem Mr. Roh can ill afford.
(ָŸȣ Ѱ ̱ ٹ ٸ ٹ ϰ ִٴ Ÿ)
Mr. Bush's team, for its part, is deeply divided. Secretary of State Colin L. Powell pushed hard, over the objection of administration hard-liners, to open negotiations with North Korea.
Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld and members of Vice President Dick Cheney's staff have pressed for a much harder line. Mr. Rumsfeld circulated a memorandum several weeks ago seeking an administration strategy to get China to join in an economic embargo intended to bring down Mr. Kim's Communist government. Chinese officials have said they think that would be a disastrous course, leading to instability and a flood of refugees.
Mr. Roh said on Monday that he was coming to Washington "concerned" about the hard-liners in the administration, adding that "many people are concerned that President Bush's `peaceful resolution' principle may change in the future, despite his assurance otherwise."
But tonight, after meeting Mr. Rumsfeld and then Mr. Bush, he told reporters: "When I left Korea, I had both concerns and hopes in my mind. Now, after having talked to President Bush, I have gotten rid of all my concerns."
( νÿ ȸ ϱ⸦ ѱ ӿ ־µ, νÿ ȸĿ .)
That statement was viewed as important to the White House, because the administration's first meeting with Mr. Roh's predecessor, Kim Dae Jung, in 2001 was widely considered a diplomatic disaster. The two men split sharply on how to deal with the North, and never re-engaged in serious talks. A rift opened between Mr. Powell and administration hawks that foreshadowed later clashes on Iraq and other issues.
(߿; ǰ ߿ϰ ִ. ֳϸ νο ߰ ù ܱ Ǵ ̶ θ ˷ ̴. νÿ ٷ Ͽ ǰ̰ ־, ù ιٽ ȭ ߾. γ п , п ̶ũ ٸ 鿡 ǰߺп ְ ߴ. , νÿ DJ ù ǰ̴ ٸ鿡 ǰ̸ ȭ ϱ ٴ ľǵ˴ϴ. .)
=> ؿ å ״ ϱ ̱ å ٺ ٸٰ . , ̲ ʳ ߾µ, ̱ ٽ ٴ ̱ å а ðɷ ϰ Ǵϴ ġ ̳. ̱ Ȥó ǰ̿ ؼ ȭ ִٰ Ȯϴ°̴ϴ.
3. .
http://usinfo.state.gov/cgi-bin/washfile/display.pl?p=/products/washfile/latest&f=03051406.tlt&t=/products/washfile/newsitem.shtml
U.S., South Korea "Will Not Tolerate" Nuclear North Korea
(Joint statement following Bush, Roh Moo-hyun talks) (1460)
President Bush and South Korea's President Roh Moo-hyun, following May
14 talks at the White House, said in a joint statement that they "will
not tolerate nuclear weapons in North Korea."
They expressed "serious concern" about North Korea's statements about
its nuclear weapons programs. "[E]scalatory moves by North Korea,"
they said, "will only lead to its greater isolation and a more
desperate situation in the North."
The leaders "welcomed the role played by China at the April 23-25
trilateral talks in Beijing" on the North Korean nuclear threat, and
agreed that South Korea and Japan are essential participants in a
settlement and that "Russia and other nations can also play a
constructive role in multilateral diplomacy."
The two presidents said expressed "confidence that a peaceful
resolution can be achieved."
Following is the text of the joint statement:
(begin text)
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
May 14, 2003
JOINT STATEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE REPUBLIC
OF KOREA
Common Values, Principles, and Strategy
On May 14, 2003, President George W. Bush of the United States of
America and President Roh Moo-hyun of the Republic of Korea held a
summit meeting at the White House in Washington, D.C. Noting that 2003
marks the fiftieth anniversary of the U.S.-ROK Mutual Defense Treaty,
the two leaders pledged to work together to promote the values of
democracy, human rights and market economy shared by the people of
both nations and to build a comprehensive and dynamic alliance
relationship for continued peace and prosperity on the Korean
Peninsula and in Northeast Asia.
The U.S.-ROK Alliance
President Bush and President Roh welcomed the fiftieth anniversary of
the U.S.-ROK alliance and paid tribute to those who have contributed
to the alliance, particularly the Korean host communities and the
members of U.S. Forces Korea (USFK) who have devoted themselves to the
defense of peace and freedom on the peninsula. President Bush
reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to a robust forward presence on the
peninsula and in the Asia- Pacific region. The two leaders pledged to
work closely together to modernize the U.S.-ROK alliance, taking
advantage of technology to transform both nations' forces and enhance
their capabilities to meet emerging threats.
In the context of modernizing the alliance, the two leaders agreed to
work out plans to consolidate U.S. forces around key hubs and to
relocate the Yongsan garrison at an early date. President Bush pledged
to consult closely with President Roh on the appropriate posture for
USFK during the transition to a more capable and sustainable U.S.
military presence on the peninsula. They shared the view that the
relocation of U.S. bases north of the Han River should be pursued,
taking careful account of the political, economic and security
situation on the peninsula and in Northeast Asia. The two leaders also
noted the opportunity provided by the Republic of Korea's growing
national strength to continue expanding the role of the ROK armed
forces in defending the Korean Peninsula.
President Bush and President Roh welcomed the growing bilateral
U.S.-ROK cooperation on international security challenges beyond the
Korean Peninsula. President Bush thanked President Roh for his support
on Iraq and welcomed the Republic of Korea's decision to deploy
medical and construction units and undertake other efforts to assist
with post-conflict humanitarian assistance and reconstruction in Iraq.
President Roh expressed his support for U.S. and international efforts
to establish lasting peace and security in the Middle East. The two
leaders also reviewed progress and cooperation in the war on terror,
noting the contribution of ROK forces to Operation Enduring Freedom
and Afghan reconstruction.
To commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the alliance, the two
Presidents welcomed the convening of forums of experts to conduct
discussions on the future of U.S.-ROK relations and to generate fresh
ideas for both governments.
North Korea
President Bush and President Roh reaffirmed that they will not
tolerate nuclear weapons in North Korea. They noted with serious
concern North Korea's statements about reprocessing, possession of
nuclear weapons, and its threat to demonstrate or transfer these
weapons. They stressed that escalatory moves by North Korea will only
lead to its greater isolation and a more desperate situation in the
North.
Both leaders reiterated their strong commitment to work for the
complete, verifiable and irreversible elimination of North Korea's
nuclear weapons program through peaceful means based on international
cooperation. They welcomed the role played by China at the April 23-25
trilateral talks in Beijing. They agreed that the Republic of Korea
and Japan are essential for a successful and comprehensive settlement
and that Russia and other nations can also play a constructive role in
multilateral diplomacy. While noting that increased threats to peace
and stability on the peninsula would require consideration of further
steps, they expressed confidence that a peaceful resolution can be
achieved.
Noting that the United States and the Republic of Korea are the two
leading donors of humanitarian food assistance to North Korea, the two
Presidents reaffirmed that humanitarian assistance is provided without
linkage to political developments and noted the need to ensure that
the assistance goes to those in need. President Bush stressed that
North Korea's nuclear programs stand in the way of the bold approach
and the ability of the international community to consider
comprehensive steps to assist the many needs of the North Korean
people.
President Roh outlined his Peace and Prosperity Policy and President
Bush reiterated his support for the process of South-North
reconciliation. President Bush noted that the Republic of Korea has
used this dialogue channel to call upon the North to resolve the
nuclear issue. President Roh stated that future inter-Korean exchanges
and cooperation will be conducted in light of developments on the
North Korean nuclear issue. The two leaders reaffirmed their
commitment to maintaining close coordination between the U.S. and ROK
governments on this issue as well as in trilateral consultations with
Japan.
Economic Relations
The two leaders agreed on the importance of working together to
promote prosperity in their two countries, in the region, and around
the world. They agreed that Korea's economic fundamentals are strong
and expressed high confidence in the prospects for continued increases
in trade, investment and growth in the Republic of Korea. President
Bush welcomed and supported President Roh's commitment to continued
structural reform of the Korean economy and his goal of making Korea a
regional hub for trade, finance, and investment in Northeast Asia. The
two leaders agreed that progress on open trade, investment, and
transparency are essential to making this hub concept a reality, and
recognized the important role of the private sector in this effort.
The two leaders expressed a desire for enhanced bilateral economic
cooperation and reaffirmed their commitment to resolve bilateral trade
issues through consultation, and agreed to explore ways to further
strengthen the already close economic and trade partnership.
Recognizing the importance of global trade liberalization, the two
leaders expressed their determination to work together to achieve a
successful conclusion of the Doha Development Agenda. The two leaders
also agreed to strengthen cooperation in the APEC forum.
Toward a Full Partnership
Taking note of the one hundredth anniversary of Korean immigration to
the United States, President Bush conveyed his deep respect not only
for the contributions of Korean-Americans to American society but also
for the ideals of democracy, peace and prosperity realized by the
citizens of the Republic of Korea. President Roh extended his
appreciation to the U.S. government and its people for all that has
been done to help Korean-Americans realize their dreams in American
society.
President Bush and President Roh highlighted the importance of
increasing bilateral cooperation across a broad range of global
issues. In this context, the two leaders welcomed U.S. and ROK
cooperation in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
(ITER) project, in the Global Forum on Corruption to be held in Seoul
later this month, and on other efforts to improve the environment and
combat crime and infectious diseases around the globe.
The two leaders agreed that their frequent telephone calls since
President Roh's election in December and their substantial discussion
in Washington have built a personal foundation of mutual trust and
respect that will enhance U.S.-ROK coordination on North Korea and
other challenges in the months and years ahead. President Roh thanked
President Bush for his hospitality and invited him to make a return
visit to Seoul at his convenience. President Bush said he looked
forward to another visit to the Republic of Korea.
(end text)
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